Have you ever wondered why you may be getting pain between your shoulder blade and spine?
For the second installment of our posture series, we will be discussing the Rhomboid Major and Minor.  While they are two muscles, they almost always work together.  Over the next few posts, we will be exploring some of the major muscles related to posture and how they work together.  If you'd like to read our previous posts about posture, click here.

Let's get things started.  Allow me to present to you the Rhomboid Major and Minor:

This dynamic duo attaches to from the spinous process of the last cervical segment (C7) and upper thoracic spine (T1-5) to the medial border of the shoulder blade.  It sits one layer underneath the trapezius muscle, which we discussed in a previous post.  The rhomboid minor is located superior/above the larger, broader rhomboid major muscle.  Both work together to pull the shoulder blade towards the spine, otherwise known as "scapular retraction."

This muscle is essential to the stability of the whole shoulder complex as it works to keep the shoulder blade supported during arm movements in all directions.

The rhomboids can be a common source of pain in the area between the spine and your shoulder blade. Often times people will report pain, dull, aching or occasionally sharp pain to that region. This pain is very common in people who do a lot of prolonged work at a computer (particularly in the mousing hand), as well as musicians who have to hold their instruments in one position for long durations (flutists, violinists)

One thing that should be acknowledged is that people can feel pain in other areas aside from the actual tissue source.  The picture below demonstrates some common referral patterns where people may experience symptoms when there is a trigger point on the rhomboid ('X' marks the spot).  

It is imperative that I warn you that 'trigger points' are not the only source of pain that can refer in this location or pattern. For example, there are joint-related pain that can also refer pain to similar areas. One of the most common ways that cues clinicians like me to suspect muscle-related/trigger point pain (other than palpating the muscle) is if patients often describe the pain as coming on after a prolonged period of time and they have to fidget around or change positions frequently to find a more comfortable posture. If you are unsure, be sure to seek out help from your friendly Physical Therapist (including us) to help you navigate this issue and help steer you back onto the right path.

We will discuss trigger points and what they actually are in an upcoming post.  

When looking at overall posture, these muscles are significant because when in a slouched posture, these muscles are commonly in a stretched position. This makes it more difficult for them to generate the amount of force needed to help hold the scapula in place. Remember this image?

The harder these muscles have to work, the less time it takes for them to start to fatigue, which can be interpreted by your brain as that dull, aching sensation that you may feel.
The best way to avoid this fatigue is to make sure that you have enough flexibility in the opposing muscles, such as the pectorals and the upper trapezius, and enough strength in the supporting muscles.
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Check out our post on Instagram for some ideas of some simple exercises you can do to get things moving in the right direction.

Can't wait to share more about posture next week

Until next time, stay happy and healthy!

The next few episodes of Muscle Monday will be dedicated to discussing important muscles related to Posture.  Questions about posture are probably one of the top things people ask me about on a regular basis, and the answer is not as simple as it seems.  Posture involves many components which need to work together just-so in order to create the ideal scenario for your body to function at its best.  

Today, we will be talking about the might Pectoralis Major.

To say that this muscle is important would be redundant, because (almost) ALL muscles have a specific function, but this one in particular often gets a bad rep because it is associated with poor posture.  In reality, it is an extremely versatile muscle that is used in most shoulder movements.

Let's explore some fun facts about this muscle

Fact #3:  The pec major performs movements in 5 planes of shoulder motion
Because the muscle has two portions, the orientation of the muscle fibers allow it to move your shoulder in several planes of motion.  The clavicular fibers assist with shoulder flexion while the sternal fibers assist with shoulder abduction AND extension.

When the two portions work together, they will perform shoulder horizontal adduction, as well as shoulder (glenohumeral joint) internal rotation.

It's all about balance.  First of all, try and think about what positions you are in the most frequently and take the time to stretch in the opposite directions, no matter what that may be.  Because most of us these days spend a lot of time sitting in front of a computer, on the couch or looking at our phones (or a combination of all 3?), you must make an effort to make sure that the muscle doesn't get too tight.  Conversely, if you perform a task that requires a lot of pec use - such as playing a bowed instrument (Right arm), playing tennis, etc., you may want to invest a portion of your exercise routine to working on building strength, as it is also a key player in your overall shoulder stability.  

Take some time and check out this stretch to help improve your shoulder's powerhouse.

If you've been finding yourself sitting on the couch or at the computer for hours on end, this post is for you.  So remember last post when I spoke about muscles seldom work in insolation?  The same goes true for this week's featured muscle, but we'll just bring it back in and focus on our friend: 

I grew up playing tennis and practicing Tae Kwon Do.  Later on in college, I rowed (much to my piano teacher's dismay --- my hands were ALWAYS blistered and torn up).  What is the one thing during the workouts that ALL of my coaches (but none of my music professors) talked about?  

"You must strengthen the core"

The Transverse Abdominis (TrA) is one component of the system of muscles that make up your core (stay tuned for further discussions regarding the core)
The muscle is extremely broad - stretching across your torso.  It attaches on the lower 6 ribs from the top, into the pubic bone on your pelvis.  Medially, it attaches right down the middle of your abdomen via a facial junction and wraps around the sides and attaches into the fascia connecting to your abdominal obliques (internus).

If you take a look at any of the other muscle pictures that I have posted, or even ones you can find online, understand that muscles will pull parallel to the orientations of its fibers.  So in this particular case, they draw your stomach inwards like this:

It's not so much of a "sucking in your belly" type of motion, which is a common misconception.  This is a 3D motion that occurs around your torso.  Simplest way - if you've ever worn or seen a corset like they used to wear way back when, it's that kind of cinching together motion that this muscle performs.

Now, why is this significant?
As the TrA contracts, it works in conjunction with other muscles in the back, pelvic floor in order to increase the pressure inside the abdominal cavity.  That pressure will then push up against the lumbar spine to add even more stability.

Whether you're walking, standing up from a chair, or raising your arm to retrieve an object, this core stability is essential in all aspects of human movement.  In fact, it is so essential, that even as you reach out  your arm to pick something up, your body anticipates the task and activates this system before it even happens.  This means that your body should automatically engage all of the muscles before you even consciously realize that you're going to do it.

But wait....   There's more.....

​Many studies including this one and this O.G. study found that in subjects with low back pain, there was a delay in core muscle recruitment.  We're not talking seconds or minutes, but even a millisecond delay can result in decreased core stability with performing a task (like a conductor starting his downbeat when no one is prepared) which ultimately can exacerbate the problem further, due to the lack of initial stabilization.

This is a type of muscle that needs endurance training more-so than brute strength.  So as you're going about your daily routine or workouts, see if you can feel your core kick on.  ​Planks are a great place to start, but so are most fully body exercises because remember - you are never working out alone.

​Until next time, stay happy and healthy!

So I'm going to cheat a bit and talk about 4 muscles instead of 1.  Please forgive me (or not... your choice).  Today, we are talking about a group of muscles that play an integral part of our shoulders and upper extremity strength.

You might hear it as the "rotary cuff" or "rotator cup"  (or a combination of the two) - the correct term is: 

If we take a look at the shoulder joint in its simplest form - it is a ball and socket joint, much like your hip.  The only difference is that the 'cup' portion - which is located on the scapula (the triangular bone) - is very shallow and does not provide much stability in and of itself.  3 muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor) all work together to externally rotate the shoulder, while the subscapularis (on the front side of the scapula) works to internally rotate the shoulder blade. The four muscles also work together through the coordination of other muscles, not listed, to raise/abduct the arm to the side.
One of the primary purposes of the rotator cuff is to work together so that when it contracts, it can pull the humerus into the socket to provide stability as your arm is moving. 

You rely heavily on these muscles to help support your shoulder joint in its sweet spot through movement, but also if you are holding an object for a long period of time (violin, anyone?)
Check out how the shoulder moves below, with the supraspinatus muscle highlighted:

It is worth saying that it is relatively common for people to develop tendon-related issues over time, particularly with repetitive stress.  As humans, we rely heavily on using our arms to perform daily tasks.  It is one of the more common injuries in the shoulder and surgical rotator cuff repairs are one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures.  BUT...  Just because you may have problems that show up on a MRI, does not mean that you are guaranteed to have pain or problems, or must have surgery.  Rotator cuff tears occur up to 40% of the population who are >60 years (Source).  Within a population that had diagnosed rotator cuff tears, another study found that 65.4% of their sample group did not have ANY symptoms involving the shoulder.  

Take steps to strengthen the entire shoulder girdle as well as maintain your flexibility in order to prevent overuse and extra stress on your shoulder joint.  Checking in with your local friendly physical therapist to help develop a prevention plan is a great place to start.  If you don't have one, give us a call and let us know how we can help!

If you want a few exercises to try out, give these a try!  (remember, never perform or push through pain!)

That's it for this week.  Until next time, stay happy and healthy!